James Black writes an edited version of Cow Management Magazines’ most recent feature.

With the high physical and metabolic demands of calving it is imperative that producers put in adequate preparation for this pivotal time. The dry period is often a neglected time on many units where cows are put out to rough grazing. In truth this should be a period of rest and recuperation, but in reality it is an opportunity to carry out treatments such as hoof trimming and dosing. This allows time to recover from the stress associated with such treatments.

Forward thinking is required in relation to the body condition score of the cows when they dry-off. This means that energy intakes should be adjusted 100days pre-drying off to allow sufficient time for adjustments to body condition. 8 weeks prior to calving the cow should be in the body condition that she will calve down at. Under no circumstances should body condition be altered through the dry period by restricted or excessive feeding. Nutrition in this period should allow for the maintenance of body condition with free access to medium quality forage. Grazing can often feature at this point as long as the grass is not high D value, high potash material. Cows housed should be fed lower D value silage with physical structure or straw included to regulate energy density if the grass silage is high D value. Alternative forages are usually excellent dry cow feeds but care should be taken on energy levels. Minerals and vitamins should be provided on a daily basis to enhance immune function and body reserves.

The close-up period marks the onset of calving and the start of the ‘transition period’. This is a time when producers should aim to minimise change. The ‘transition’ from a dry cow to a milking cow must be as smooth as possible to ensure that any reduction in feed intake is minimised. The diet must be adapted to facilitate the growth of the calf impacting on the size of the rumen. Depressed intakes are one consequence of the transition period, but they are not the only reason for closely monitoring and adapting the cows’ diet. The incidence of diseases such as retained placenta, displaced abomasums, metritis and fatty liver, will all be exaggerated through incorrect nutrition pre-calving. The key is to have a diet that is palatable, nutritious yet bulky to maximise rumen capacity, allowing cows to change onto the milking ration with little upset.

A gradual approach to concentrate levels for fresh cows can mean the difference between success and failure. In practice the ideal scenario is a build up of concentrates over a 2-3 week period which allows the cow time to increase forage intake along with concentrate. This reduces body weight loss while meeting peak energy demands. All this should make an easier transition and lead to improved production and fertility for the next lactation.

Dry cow nutrition does not have to be complicated on farm. Practical solutions are available to meet the nutrition of these cows whether the farm runs group systems, TMR or not.

The success of the system will rely on identifying the key areas of weakness on your farm and making minor improvements to give major benefits.

For more information on how to improve your dry cow nutrition contact Thompsons on; 028 9035 1321